转换字符集，数据库应该在RESTRICTED模式下进行. (使用DBA登录数据库)

su - oracle
sqlplus / as sysdba
conn sys/abc123 as sysdba
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
STARTUP MOUNT;
ALTER SESSION SET SQL_TRACE=TRUE;
ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;
ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;
ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
set linesize 120;
alter database character set internal_use ZHS16GBK;
select * from v$nls_parameters;